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Mirabilis expansa
''Mirabilis expansa'' (mauka or chago) is a species of flowering plant cultivated as a root vegetable in the Andes, at cold, windy altitudes between and .〔Flores, H., Walker, T., Guimaraes, R., Bais, H., Vivanco, J. (2003). Andean Root and Tuber Crops: Underground Rainbows. Hort Science. vol 32 (2) pg. 161-167. http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/38/2/161. Retrieved November 16, 2013.〕 The above-ground portion dies back with frost, but the root is quite hardy. The roots can reach the size of a man's forearm, and yields can reach given two years maturation time.
It is considered to be an underutilized crop, and has received interest for its ability to grow in conditions that do not favor other root crops. The Andean region is considered one of the most important places for crop development and diversification.〔
==History==
''M. expansa'' was a very important crop to the Inca Empire and was considered lost.〔http://eol.org/pages/483461/details. Encyclopedia of Life: Mirabilis expansa. 2013 March. Retrieved November 16, 2013〕 The botanical name for Mauka is Mirabilis expansa. In Bolivia, Mauka’s common name is Spanish Mauka. In Peru it has many different common names, such as chago, arricon, yuca, inca, cuship, and chaco. In Ecuador it is known as miso, taso, or pega pega.〔http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0h.htm#Mauka, chago(Mirabilis expanse). Neglected Crops: Andean Roots: Mauka, chago (Mirabilis expanse). 1995. Agriculture and Consumer Protection. Retrieved November 16, 2013.〕 The cultivation of mauka was first described in a rural community in Bolivia in the 1960s.〔http://cipotato.org/roots-and-tubers/mauca-achira. Mauka and Archira. International Potato Center. Retrieved November 16, 2013.〕 Fifteen years later it was found in Ecuador and Peru and has seen the largest area of production in those countries.〔 It has been proposed that the reason Mauka has survived in three separate locations is because the Incas had a policy of transplanting valuable crops to communities throughout the empire.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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